Northern European countries are experiencing “truly unprecedented” heat, with the Arctic Circle in Norway recording temperatures above 30C (86F) for multiple days in July, and Finland enduring its longest heat streak since 1961. Scientists attribute these prolonged heatwaves, driven by hot waters and high pressure systems, to climate change, noting the increasing frequency and severity of such events. These extreme temperatures, which are 8-10C above seasonal norms, have led to wildfires, infrastructure strain, and the opening of ice rinks for relief, impacting both locals and tourists. Experts warn that these severe heatwaves will intensify as climate change progresses, posing significant challenges for the region.
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The Earth’s energy budget, the balance between incoming and outgoing heat, is significantly out of balance. Recent research reveals this imbalance has more than doubled in the last 20 years, with the rate of energy accumulation near the planet’s surface now at approximately 1.3 watts per square meter. This rapid increase exceeds the predictions of climate models, suggesting a potential acceleration of climate change. While the exact causes are still under investigation, changes in cloud behavior and other factors may be contributing to this alarming trend, underscoring the urgency of reducing fossil fuel emissions and supporting continued climate monitoring efforts.
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Top climate scientists warn that Earth could breach the 1.5C global warming limit within the next three years due to continued high emissions from fossil fuels and deforestation. The report highlights a shrinking “carbon budget,” the amount of CO2 that can be emitted while still limiting warming, which now gives only approximately three years before being exhausted. The current warming rate of 0.27C per decade is faster than any point in Earth’s history, and is seeing the Earth’s energy imbalance increase, with most of the extra heat absorbed by the oceans. Though the situation is dire, the report’s authors note a possible slowing in the rate of emissions increases due to the implementation of new clean technologies.
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At current emission rates, the remaining carbon budget to limit global warming to 1.5°C will be exhausted within two years, necessitating drastic emission reductions to avoid exceeding this critical threshold. Exceeding 1.5°C would exacerbate extreme weather events and necessitate future carbon dioxide removal from the atmosphere. Limiting warming to 1.7°C remains more attainable, with a longer remaining carbon budget, highlighting the urgency of immediate and significant emission cuts. This analysis underscores the accelerating climate crisis and the need for global cooperation to mitigate its devastating consequences.
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In May 2025, measurements at Hawaii’s Mauna Loa Observatory revealed a record-high average atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration of 430.2 ppm, a 3.5 ppm increase from the previous year. This surpasses the 400 ppm threshold, previously considered unimaginable, and signifies the highest level in millions of years, attributed to human fossil fuel consumption. The data, collected by Scripps Institution of Oceanography and NOAA, continues a long-term record illustrating the escalating impact of greenhouse gases on the planet’s climate and ecosystems. These measurements, integrated into the Global Greenhouse Gas Reference Network, provide crucial information for policymakers addressing climate change.
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A joint forecast from the World Meteorological Organization and the U.K. Meteorological Office predicts a high likelihood (80%) of another record-breaking global temperature within the next five years, exceeding the 1.5°C threshold set by the Paris Agreement. There’s even a chance, albeit small, of exceeding the 2°C warming limit before the end of the decade. This increased warming translates to more frequent and intense extreme weather events, including heatwaves, droughts, floods, wildfires, and stronger hurricanes, resulting in significant risks to human health and life. The forecasts are based on multiple climate models and indicate a continuing trend of escalating global temperatures.
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In a recent NOAA briefing, researchers omitted any mention of the link between January’s record high global temperatures and human-caused greenhouse gas emissions, a departure from previous practices. This omission occurred despite the briefing acknowledging record-high temperatures and despite direct questions about the role of climate change. The head of NOAA’s monitoring branch cited factors such as reduced air pollution and cloud cover as potential explanations, but this explanation fails to account for the overall warming trend. This silence comes amidst increased scrutiny of US scientific agencies under the Trump administration and a broader effort to downplay the role of climate change in government reports and communications.
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A University of Reading study reveals a dramatic acceleration in global mean sea surface temperature (GMSST) rise, increasing 400 percent faster than in the late 1980s. This escalating warming, driven by Earth’s energy imbalance from greenhouse gas emissions, shows that the warming of the past 40 years will likely be surpassed in under 20 years without significant emission reductions. Recent record ocean temperatures, even accounting for El Niño, underscore this alarming trend, highlighting the urgent need for deep cuts in fossil fuel use. The study, published in *Environmental Research Letters*, emphasizes that past warming rates are unreliable predictors of future, more rapid changes.
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New research by Professor James Hansen suggests the pace of global heating has been severely underestimated, rendering the 2°C target unattainable. This conclusion stems from findings that both the impact of reduced shipping pollution and climate sensitivity to increased emissions are higher than previously believed. These results, while at the high end of current estimates, cannot be dismissed and indicate a significantly accelerated warming trajectory, potentially triggering critical tipping points like the collapse of the Atlantic ocean currents. Unless drastic action is taken, including potentially exploring solar geoengineering, the study projects a 2°C rise by 2045.
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Unprecedented warming in the Arctic saw temperatures exceeding 20°C above average on Sunday, surpassing the melting point of ice. This extreme event, linked to a low-pressure system over Iceland and unusually warm seas, resulted in temperatures near 0°C at 87°N latitude. While the exact anomaly is difficult to pinpoint due to limited data in the region, models consistently show a significant temperature increase, highlighting the accelerated warming trend in the Arctic. This rapid warming, nearly four times faster than the global average, poses a significant threat to Arctic sea ice, with its complete summer melt predicted within the next two decades.
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John Q. Hosedrinker