The Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) recently awarded Moderna a substantial $590 million grant to accelerate the development of an mRNA vaccine against avian influenza, specifically the H5N1 strain. This significant investment underscores the growing concern surrounding the potential for a widespread bird flu outbreak.
The high mortality rate associated with H5N1, particularly among elderly individuals and young children, is a major cause for alarm. Estimates suggest a mortality rate nearing 50% in these vulnerable populations, raising the specter of a severely strained healthcare system, especially considering the lingering effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on already overburdened hospitals, particularly in rural areas.… Continue reading
The H5N1 strain of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza was detected in a commercial poultry flock in Elbert County, Georgia, marking the first such case in a commercial operation during the current outbreak. This is the fifth detection in Georgia since 2022, prompting a suspension of all in-state poultry events. The discovery follows a previous human death from H5N1 in Louisiana, highlighting the virus’s ongoing threat. The Georgia Department of Agriculture and the USDA are working to contain the spread and minimize disruption to the poultry industry.
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Louisiana reported the first U.S. death from the H5N1 bird flu virus, an individual over 65 with pre-existing health conditions who contracted the virus from backyard birds in December. While 66 H5N1 cases have been confirmed nationwide, most were mild; this case is unique due to its severity and the individual’s infection from a strain distinct from that affecting cattle. Genetic analysis revealed potential adaptations in the virus, enabling enhanced binding to human upper airway cells, though no evidence of human-to-human transmission exists.
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A Canadian teenager fully recovered from H5N1 bird flu after a severe illness requiring intensive care, including ECMO and antiviral treatments. Genetic analysis revealed concerning mutations in the virus, suggesting increased ability to infect human cells and cause severe disease. This case, along with 45 others in the U.S. in 2024, highlights the ongoing risk of H5N1, particularly given the observed mutations. The virus’s adaptation in the human host raises concerns about potential for more severe future infections.
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Sixty-six human cases of H5N1 bird flu have been confirmed in the U.S., although no human-to-human transmission has been detected. A concerning mutation in the virus, discovered in a severe Louisiana case, raises fears of increased human transmissibility, despite the majority of cases presenting mild symptoms. The outbreak has severely impacted the egg industry, driving prices to near-record highs, and prompted a cat food recall due to bird flu contamination. While the CDC emphasizes that person-to-person spread remains absent, the situation continues to be closely monitored.
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Marin County health officials are investigating a potential H5N1 bird flu case in a child, the second such case in California this year. The investigation, involving state and federal agencies, aims to determine the child’s exposure source, which remains unknown in several recent U.S. cases. This potential case, if confirmed, would be the 61st human case of H5N1 in the U.S. in 2024 and the third with an unknown source of infection. The ongoing investigation includes consideration of recently recalled raw milk, though a direct link to transmission is unconfirmed.
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A new federal order mandates nationwide testing of the milk supply for the H5N1 bird flu strain affecting dairy cows in 15 states. The USDA aims to swiftly identify infected herds and curb transmission, beginning testing in six states on December 16th. This initiative complements existing regulations requiring testing of cows before interstate transport and reporting of positive cases. The order addresses the escalating spread of avian flu in livestock and concerns about potential human health risks, particularly given the rise in raw milk consumption.
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A recent surge in human H5N1 (bird flu) infections, including three cases with unknown origins, has public health experts deeply concerned about a potential pandemic. The detection of bird flu in a California raw milk sample further highlights the risk, particularly given the incoming administration’s stance on raw milk consumption. Concerns are amplified by a fragmented response to the outbreak, hampered by economic interests of dairy farmers and potential cuts to public health agencies. Experts urge the incoming administration to prioritize proactive measures, including enhanced surveillance, biosecurity, and research into rapid testing and vaccines, to prevent a major health crisis. Failure to address these issues effectively could exacerbate existing tensions between public health and the agricultural sector.
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Matt Underwood 
John Q. Hosedrinker