In early 2022, Ukraine’s request to Elon Musk on X resulted in the swift deployment of Starlink terminals, providing crucial battlefield communication. Russia attempted to jam the signals, but SpaceX’s software updates and constellation reconfiguration thwarted their efforts. This success has prompted significant concern, particularly in Beijing, regarding the challenge of achieving electromagnetic dominance in the face of adaptable satellite systems like Starlink. A new Chinese study details the PLA’s potential strategies to neutralize such resilient communication networks.
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In a recent interview, the head of the UK Space Command, Maj. Gen. Paul Tedman, disclosed that Russia is persistently shadowing and attempting to jam British military satellites, with these actions becoming more aggressive since the invasion of Ukraine. Russian activity includes using payloads to gather information and jamming British satellites on a weekly basis, despite the UK’s use of counter-jamming technology. The UK is not alone in its concerns, as Germany has also reported Russian spacecraft stalking their satellites. Tedman highlighted that while China possesses more sophisticated capabilities, Russia poses a more immediate threat due to its willingness to use its counter-space systems.
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The 424th Svarog Battalion of the Unmanned Systems Forces successfully destroyed an experimental Russian KOP-2 electronic warfare system on the frontlines. This rare and costly system was designed to counter Ukrainian drones by scanning the radio spectrum, detecting UAV channels, and jamming them. The KOP-2 was intended to protect valuable military assets, such as air defense systems. Despite its purpose, the system was damaged and ultimately destroyed by Ukrainian drone strikes in combat.
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Aerobavovna, a Ukrainian startup, is providing the military with tethered helium balloons equipped with radio repeaters to extend drone communication range. These aerostats overcome line-of-sight limitations and electronic warfare jamming, enabling drones to operate effectively even in challenging terrain. Deployable within 25 minutes and lasting up to seven days, the balloons carry payloads of up to 66 lbs, including advanced equipment like electronic warfare systems. Despite battlefield success and high demand, the company faces funding challenges, hindering its ability to scale production.
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CILAS’s new HELMA-LP portable laser rifle, showcased at SOFINS, offers a unique solution for close-to-medium range engagements. Building upon the larger HELMA-P system, the HELMA-LP’s portability allows for stealthy neutralization of enemy electronics, sensors, and surveillance equipment. Its potential application in Ukraine is significant, offering a silent and precise countermeasure against drones and other threats, potentially disrupting Russian electronic warfare capabilities. The HELMA-LP’s ability to disable enemy assets without collateral damage could prove invaluable in urban and trench warfare.
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Ukraine has reportedly disrupted Russian glide bomb control systems, significantly impacting their battlefield effectiveness. This success, likely achieved through satellite jamming, forces Russia to expend more munitions and sorties for each strike. While Russia possesses countermeasures, the use of unencrypted receivers by many Russian soldiers may explain their vulnerability. This development, coupled with Ukraine’s growing air power from Western allies, could shift the battlefield balance, although the extent depends on continued Western support and access to advanced technologies.
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Initially, Russian forces effectively utilized UMPK glide bombs, achieving significant battlefield gains. However, widespread Ukrainian electronic jamming has severely degraded the bombs’ accuracy by disrupting their GLONASS satellite guidance. This necessitates the use of multiple bombs per target, increasing costs and risks for the Russian air force. The effectiveness of Ukrainian jamming contrasts sharply with the limited success of Russian jamming efforts and highlights a key technological advantage for Ukraine. This situation underscores the critical role of effective electronic warfare in modern combat.
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Despite sanctions imposed by the US and EU, the Kaluga Research Radio Engineering Institute (KNIIRI), a Russian defense contractor, purchased over $7.4 million in American and German electronic equipment through an intermediary, Gradient. This equipment, including signal analyzers and generators from Rohde & Schwarz and Keysight, is intended to boost the production of airborne electronic warfare systems for various Sukhoi aircraft. Deliveries are slated for completion by the end of 2025, with some shipments already received. This acquisition highlights the continued circumvention of sanctions targeting the Russian defense industry.
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SAS Captain Johan Lester reported GPS spoofing during an Oslo to Kirkenes flight, a phenomenon increasingly common near the Russian border. This spoofing, confirmed by Norwegian authorities, occurs alongside consistent GPS jamming originating from Russia, forcing airlines to implement alternative navigation procedures. The incident marks the first confirmed case of GPS spoofing on the Norwegian side of the border, prompting investigations and increased monitoring by Norwegian authorities. These actions include contacting international organizations and increasing their presence in the affected area.
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Ukraine’s sophisticated electronic warfare capabilities are effectively countering Russia’s drone attacks. By “spoofing” satellite coordinates, Ukrainian forces redirect incoming Shahed drones, causing them to self-destruct over Russian and Belarusian territory. This tactic, used during a recent record-breaking drone assault, complements traditional air defenses and conserves precious resources. The successful diversion of a significant number of drones highlights the growing effectiveness of Ukraine’s electronic warfare systems in disrupting Russian operations.
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John Q. Hosedrinker