China is implementing a 13% value-added tax (VAT) on condoms and contraceptives starting January 1st, reversing a three-decade exemption, as part of its efforts to boost the birthrate and modernize its tax laws. This move, included in a 2024 VAT law, follows the relaxation of the one-child policy and the introduction of various incentives like childcare subsidies, despite having a marginal impact on the country’s birth rate. While some experts believe this tax will have a negligible effect on fertility, others express concern about the message it sends, particularly for women, and highlight that the revenue generation is not the primary motivation. The tax change may be a shift towards less direct encouragement and an attempt to codify the tax system further.
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Taiwan’s population continued its decline for the 23rd consecutive month, with November births hitting a new record low. The island saw 7,946 births in November, marking the third record low this year and contributing to a negative natural population change. The aging population reached nearly super-aged status, with the 65+ age group comprising 19.99% of the population. While deaths decreased, the birth rate remained low, further solidifying the trend.
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Beginning next month, China will impose a value-added tax on condoms and other contraceptives, reversing a 33-year exemption. This policy change, part of a broader effort to boost the nation’s declining birth rate, will likely increase the cost of contraception. Experts express concern that this tax could limit access to contraception, particularly for young people, while also overlooking gender-equality concerns and potentially increasing STI rates. Simultaneously, the state is promoting marriage and childbearing, with matchmaking agencies newly added to the tax-exempt list, creating a shift in how the state approaches family, marriage, and reproduction.
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Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan has expressed grave concern over Turkey’s declining birth rate, deeming it a potential “catastrophe.” He highlighted the fertility rate’s drop below replacement levels and the increasing elderly population. Erdogan linked this demographic shift to detrimental social changes and indicated measures against LGBT movements and gender neutrality. Experts suggest this decline is tied to factors like women’s increased education and career aspirations.
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In 2024, Japan witnessed a record high in births to foreign parents, with over 20,000 babies born, comprising more than 3% of all newborns, contrasting sharply with the declining birth rate among Japanese parents. This trend reflects the soaring non-Japanese population, driven by increased migrant workers filling labor market gaps. The rise in foreign-born children is impacting political discourse, as right-wing politicians call for stricter immigration rules, while experts emphasize the need for policies to support foreign families and ensure their integration into Japanese society. The justice minister anticipates the proportion of foreign residents could exceed 10% of the population by 2040, underscoring the evolving demographic landscape.
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Japan’s population experienced a significant decline in 2024, with almost a million more deaths than births, marking the steepest annual drop since 1968. Births reached a record low of 686,061, while the overall population decreased by 0.44%, primarily impacting the pension and healthcare systems. Despite government efforts to boost birth rates through various incentives and embracing foreign labor, deep-seated cultural and economic challenges, such as high living costs and stagnant wages, continue to hinder progress. With a rapidly aging population and a shrinking workforce, Japan faces a demographic crisis that will require long-term solutions.
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In a move to combat plummeting birth rates, Russia has formed a “demographic special forces unit,” according to the RBC business daily. Announced by Federation Council head Valentina Matviyenko, the group underscores the government’s focus on family issues. This initiative follows prior attempts to address Russia’s demographic challenges, including promotional campaigns and restrictions on abortion access. Despite these efforts, Russia has yet to see a reversal in its declining birth rate.
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According to new federal data, the U.S. fertility rate reached an all-time low in 2024, with less than 1.6 children per woman. This mirrors trends in Western European countries, with the rate being significantly lower than the replacement rate of 2.1 that was once common in the U.S. Despite the Trump administration’s efforts to boost birth rates, such as expanding access to in vitro fertilization, experts argue that these measures fail to address crucial factors like parental leave and affordable childcare, and are largely symbolic. The new report also revealed a 1% increase in total births compared to the previous year, though revised data showed declines in birth rates for women in their 20s and early 30s.
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Japanese prefectural governors have urged the central government to prioritize measures addressing the escalating population decline. The National Governors’ Association proposed a national campaign, involving private companies, to promote comprehensive solutions. They also requested the establishment of a government agency to coordinate related policies, as well as policies to promote multicultural coexistence. Furthermore, the association emphasized the importance of creating an environment conducive to work and raising children, considering the perspectives of women and young people.
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John Q. Hosedrinker