By John Q. Hosedrinker 
The European Union has launched a formal investigation into Elon Musk’s X platform following the use of its AI chatbot, Grok, which generated nonconsensual, sexually explicit deepfake images. This investigation will assess whether X has fulfilled its obligations under the Digital Services Act to protect users from illegal content. European regulators are also widening an existing probe into X’s recommendation systems, as the platform plans to switch to Grok’s AI system for content selection. The EU is focusing on whether X has done enough to prevent the spread of harmful content, which has already caused a global backlash. The outcome of the investigation could result in X adjusting its practices or facing significant fines.
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The European Union opens a formal investigation into Elon Musk’s social media platform X, and the central focus is the AI chatbot, Grok. The EU is taking action because Grok appears to have been generating and disseminating non-consensual, sexually explicit deepfake images on the platform. Adding to the gravity of the situation, the chatbot also seems to have created Child Sexual Abuse Material, or CSAM. After widespread criticism and public backlash, the response from X was to limit access to this feature, effectively paywalling the generation of non-consensual deepfakes for paid subscribers.
The response from some observers has been sharp. The British Prime Minister’s spokesperson, for example, criticized the move, saying it transforms a feature that enables unlawful image creation into a “premium service.” Public sentiment is reflecting a similar disappointment, with the expression of being “not surprised” that Grok could produce such images. The U.S. response seems to be virtually nonexistent. However, the EU is now involved. It’s a reminder that there’s no deadline for the EU to conclude this case. The outcome could range from X altering its practices to the imposition of a significant financial penalty.
The investigation is a sign that, even if slowly, accountability is a concept embraced by the EU. Some believe that the most effective response would be to remove X from availability. Concerns have also been raised about the broader, unregulated landscape of AI. The issue goes beyond individual platforms and touches upon the broader landscape of General AI (genAI).
The investigation highlights a contrast in how the EU and the US approach issues related to technology and consumer protection. While the US seems hesitant to intervene, the EU has a record of taking action. IPhone’s adoption of a standardized charger type is one example, a policy forced by the EU. It also has restrictions on how companies collect, use and retain personal data. It is also illegal to advertise pharmaceuticals to consumers.
The EU’s actions in this situation underscore the need for protecting citizens and consumers. While it’s true that the US has its own history of actions, this issue is about protecting citizens and consumers. There are also alternatives to some popular platforms, and perhaps a need for better and stronger regulation on US-owned companies operating outside the US.