By John Q. Hosedrinker 
In a significant policy shift, South Korean President Lee Jae Myung declared that Seoul can no longer maintain its historical strategy of security with the U.S. and economy with China, particularly due to intensifying U.S.-China rivalry. Speaking at CSIS in Washington, D.C., Lee emphasized that South Korea cannot deviate from the U.S.’s basic policy direction. Lee also addressed the need to manage ties with China and pledged to increase South Korea’s defense spending against North Korea. This shift underscores South Korea’s growing involvement in the geopolitical confrontation, prioritizing alignment with Washington for long-term security.
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S. Korea’s Lee Signals End to ‘Security with US, Economy with China’ Policy; to Hike Defense Costs
South Korea appears to be making a significant shift in its foreign policy, signaled by President Lee’s recent remarks. This move, essentially an official goodbye to the long-standing “security with the US, economy with China” approach, marks a pivotal moment for the nation. It’s a decision driven by the evolving geopolitical landscape, where the old balancing act between its strategic allies is no longer viable.
The core of this shift is a tighter alignment with the United States in matters of security. President Lee made it clear that South Korea will prioritize its relationship with the US, emphasizing that their actions and judgments would align with US policy. This stance reflects the reality of the Korean Peninsula’s precarious situation, with North Korea’s constant threats and China’s growing influence.
Simultaneously, President Lee struck a more cautious tone when discussing ties with China. He acknowledged the necessity of maintaining the relationship due to geographical proximity. However, the shift toward the United States suggests a strategic recalibration, downplaying any impression of a pro-Beijing tilt. This strategic pivot is not about abandoning economic ties with China entirely, but more about prioritizing security interests in a world where such a balancing act has become increasingly difficult.
Crucially, this policy shift comes with an increase in South Korea’s defense spending. President Lee announced that Seoul will take a “more proactive role” in ensuring the security of the Korean Peninsula. This move suggests South Korea aims to bolster its military capabilities, potentially including advanced technologies and stronger defense systems to face the threats from North Korea and prepare for any potential regional instability. This proactive approach is a clear indication that South Korea is aware of the evolving world and is taking steps to meet them.
The historical context behind this policy is critical. South Korea’s previous strategy of security with the US and economy with China emerged in the post-Cold War era. The collapse of the Soviet Union, the rise of the US as a global superpower, and China’s integration into the global economy shaped South Korea’s approach. Now, we’re in a different world.
Today, it’s a world of multi-polar competition for hegemony, where economic blocs are solidifying. The strategic decision to solidify ties with the US indicates a realignment of priorities based on the current global situation. It’s a recognition that the old dual-track policy is no longer sustainable. South Korea’s leaders have made a crucial choice to align themselves with the United States, a decision with significant implications for the region and the world.
This alignment is not without its complexities. President Lee’s speech at the CSIS, a U.S. government think tank, illustrates his need to appease the United States, but in a way that recognizes the shifting priorities.
As we look at the future, there are uncertainties. The US’ commitment to its international agreements, the ongoing tensions with North Korea, and China’s role in the region, all contribute to a complicated environment. For South Korea, it’s a path filled with tough decisions. The world is changing rapidly, and South Korea is taking steps to navigate these turbulent times.